Further Reading
Home Page
Interim Report Big Hairy – Australian Sailing ― 2024b, World Sailing – SP163 -Interim Report on the Capsize of the Big Hairy, Sailing.org, viewed 6 September 2025, <https://www.sailing.org/document/sp163-report-provided-by-australian-sailing/>.
Why do Keels Fail
“Why Do Keels Fall Off?” by Sail-World Cruising world cruising, sail 2024, Why DO Keels Fall Off?, Sail-world.com, viewed 3 September 2025, <http://www.sail-world.com/30981>.
Hull Failure
ISO Standards Regulatory Developments in Structural Keel Design: A Revised ISO 12215-9
Ground Damage Julian Smith, Hambly Marine Surveyors https://hamblemarinesurveys.com/
Wavetrain CHEEKI RAFIKI: Hull Found Again, Post Mortem Charles Doane May27 2014
A study of a keel failure and the loss of the Cheeki Rafiki International Institute of Marine Surveyors
Grounding
Keel Design of a Sailing Yacht
MAST Tasmanian Maritime Reselling Regs
Adventure 40 – Strength and Grounding Resistance
“Serious structural failure of a yachts keel matrix from a significant grounding.” The Marine Surveyor Notebook. Ben Sutcliffe Marine.
Fatigue
Keels Are Falling Off – Paulo Pernão (Scuttlebutt, March 29, 2018)
Keels: Out of Sight and Out of Mind – Jon Neeves (Cruising Helmsman, Oct 14, 2021)
“It is just a lump of stuff at the bottom of the hull.” Jon explores just how vital that lump really is.
Keel Fatigue – Technical Background by Hasso Hoffmeister (Apr 8, 2020) From the World Sailing website:
Fatigue evaluation of Canting Keel Erland Nordin
2011-03-31(AS Resources)
Checks to Stay Upright Australian Sailing (AS) summary by David Lyons (Naval Architect and AS consultant)
Maintenance
“Keel Bolts and Corrosion” author Glen Stanaway. Australian Sailing Published in August 2024
How safe is your yacht’s keel? – Yachting Monthly, Ben Sutcliffe Davies. Sept 27 2024.
Remember to check your keels and rudders! 2023, world Sailing World Sailing 2023a, World Sailing – Remember to Check Your Keels and rudders!, Sailing.org.
Keel Testing
Types of Keels
Keel Types and How they affect performance” by Peter Polland
“Keel and Rudders- Engineering and Construction” Sponberg 2005
“Keel and Rudder Design” Vacinti
Ted Brewer – “Keel Design What’s Best” Good Oldboat website
Types of Tests
Keel and Rudder Inspection Form ― 2025b, Equipment Auditing Forms, Sailingresources.org.au, viewed 24 August 2025, <https://www.sailingresources.org.au/safety/equipment-auditing-forms>.
Remember to check your Keels and Rudders World Sailing
Australian Institute for Non- Destructive Testing.
Checks to stay upright”. Published Thu 28 Nov 2024
When to test
Checks to stay upright”. Published Thu 28 Nov 2024
How to access
How to check keel bolts -Brown, C 2016, Practical Boat Owner, Practical Boat Owner
Keel Incidents
Australian Sailing Major Incidents
Maritime Incident Form NSW Maritime
Regulation
Construction
Yacht Buyer. “European CE Certification for Yachts Explained: The RCD Recreational Craft Directive.
Racing Rules
Special Regulations Part One. for Sailing Boats. Australian Sailing. May 2025.
Keel and Rudder Inspection Form best to use AS website for latest form.
Remember to check your Keels and Rudders World Sailing WS May 2023.
FAQ Safety Information Notice: Keel and Rudder Inspection AS 2020
What happens when an incident occurs
Australian Sailing Special Regulation 2.02.5
Why Do Keel Failures Happen … Yachting World